Associated Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in A Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identifying the risk factors, clinical outcomes, and complications of ACS patients is crucial for optimal patient management and resource allocation. This study aimed to investigate these factors in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Material & Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted with a sample of 100 ACS patients at the Department of Cardiology, Cumilla Medical College Hospital, Cumilla, Bangladesh. The study duration was 6 months, from March 2013 to August 2013. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, physical measurements, risk factors, presenting symptoms, ACS types, and outcome complications. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The study population comprised 76% males and 24% females, with a mean age of 55.4 years. The most prevalent risk factors were smoking (59%), hypertension (41%), and diabetes mellitus (10%). Chest pain was the most common presenting symptom (86%). STEMI (48%), unstable angina (44%), and NSTEMI (8%) were the identified ACS types. Complications observed included heart failure (9%), cardiogenic shock (8%), conduction defects (10%), and arrhythmias (13%), with no reported deaths. Conclusion: Our findings emphasize the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus through targeted interventions and public health initiatives. Additionally, the study highlights the need for healthcare providers to be aware of both typical and atypical presentations of ACS to facilitate prompt diagnosis and treatment. Further research with larger, multicenter studies is needed to better understand the complexities of ACS risk factors and outcomes in Bangladesh and other low- and middle-income countries

Bilateral morning glory disc anomaly.

Morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is usually known to be unilateral. We report an unusual case of a bilateral form of the disorder with an aim to distinguish it from other bilateral optic nerve head anomalies.

An indirect haemagglutination test to detect serum antibodies to Giardia lamblia.

We used an indirect haemagglutination test with Giardia lamblia trophozoites as the antigen to detect anti-Giardia lamblia antibodies in serum, the soluble tritonated Giardia lamblia antigen being used for detecting anti-giardial antibodies in sera of 60 human subjects. Titers in some of these subjects were 1 : 80-1 : 2560. whereas titers in some subjects were negative button to 1 : 20. The results indicated that Giardia lamblia, an intestinal parasite, induced a systemic antibody response and the indirect haemagglu tination test for anti-Giardia lamblia antibodies is a simple specific and reproducible system which may be useful in epidemiologic and immunologic studies of giardiasis. The specificity of the anti-bodies was demonstrated by the ability of live Giardia lamblia trophozoites, but not Entamoeba histolytica to absorb the antibody activity.